Workplace accidents are a significant concern in industrial plants and factories operating heavy machinery. Every year, tens of thousands of workers suffer various injuries and even fatalities due to unexpected incidents and negligent behaviour. One of the top 10 causes (According to OSHA) of such accidents is unexpected machine startup or energy release during servicing or maintenance procedures.
Such incidents greatly impact the workers, company and plant productivity. These accidents are caused by a lack of proper lockout and tagout procedures. Lockout Tagout measures protect workers and machinery from unexpected re-energisation. Such policies and procedures establish a safety protocol, reducing workplace accidents tremendously.
This article explores how a well-implemented Lockout Tagout program can play a pivotal role in reducing workplace accidents and fostering a safer work environment.
Understanding Lockout Tagout (LOTO) Programs
When discussing LOTO or Lockout Tagout, it is imperative to understand ‘What exactly is a Lockout Tagout Program?’.
A lockout tagout program refers to a set or written procedure to shut-off, isolate, lock and energise all hazardous energy sources for a safe and smooth maintenance procedure.
Now you might ask, ‘what are hazardous energy sources?’ Any energy used to run an equipment or machinery, which can cause harm to the worker is referred to as hazardous energy sources. There are a variety of energy sources including but not limited to – electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, or thermal energy and many more.
The Lockout Tagout program consists of comprehensive procedures, designed to protect workers and prevent accidental re-energisation of the machinery. The core step of LOTO refers to ‘locking’ the energy isolating devices with a padlock or lockout device and ‘tagging’ or labelling the lock with authorised employee’s details. The procedure also entails steps to de-energise machinery to ensure there is no leftover hazardous energy and how to re-start the equipment safely. The safety protocol must also inculcate details for training, inspections, audits, and much more.
Common Causes of Workplace Accidents:
Unexpected Machine Start-Up
During maintenance or service procedures, machines can start up unexpectedly due to failure to properly isolate and secure hazardous energy sources. This can lead to severe accidents and even fatalities.
Inadequate Energy Control Procedures
A lack of clear and documented energy control procedures can lead to confusion and errors, resulting in the accidental release of hazardous energy. Without detailed steps, workers may avoid or overlook certain important steps, leading to inefficient Lockout.
Human Error and Lack of Communication
Miscommunication among workers and management is a common cause of accidents in many hazardous work environments. For instance, in group lockout, one member may finish his work and may remove the lockout, but another employee, unaware of LOTO removal, may perform work or inspections, leading to severe consequences.
Failure to Identify All Energy Sources
Different energy sources power machines and equipment, sometimes multiple energy sources so it is necessary to identify and isolate each energy source to attain ‘0’ energy status. Overlooking any particular source or hidden energy can cause unexpected machine start-up.
Components of a LOTO Program:
Written Procedures for Energy Control
An effective LOTO program consists of detailed steps for energy control. The procedures must be well-documented, outlining the specific instructions for the equipment and energy isolating device to be locked. Such strategically placed and clear documentation helps to minimise confusion and potential errors.
Quality LOTO devices
Lockout Tagout devices are a critical part of the LOTO process. They physically lockout the equipment, preventing the release of hazardous energy.Â
Padlocks – Padlocks are one of the most common and versatile lockout devices used in the lockout tagout process.
Tags & Labels – There are a variety of lockout tags and labels for providing critical information during the maintenance process like the authorised employee’s name, designation, duration of work, and type of service.
Lockout Hasp – Lockout Hasps clip onto several different areas of a hazardous energy source, ensuring that it can’t be switched on.
Valve Covers: Designed to prevent the operation of valves, these devices come in different sizes to fit various valve types and sizes.
Cable Lockouts: These devices use flexible cables to secure equipment with unique shapes or multiple energy isolation points.
Electrical Lockouts: These devices are specifically engineered to safeguard against the accidental energisation of electrical circuits and equipment. Electrical lockouts effectively isolate power sources, including switches, circuit breakers, and panel feeders, ensuring maintenance and repair activities can be conducted without the risk of electric shock or reactivation.
Mechanical Lockouts: These devices are crucial for immobilising mechanical systems, ensuring that valves, cables, or cylinders remain fixed during maintenance or repair operations. By securing moving components, mechanical lockouts prevent unintended machine startups, thereby protecting workers from potential injuries and maintaining operational safety standards.
Employee Training and Awareness
Training is a core component of the Lockout Tagout procedure. Proper training ensures that the workers know the importance of lockout tagout and what preventive actions to take to ensure a smooth process. The training gives authorised employees a clear understanding of all LOTO steps, including isolating and restoring the equipment. It also reinforces employee morals and promotes a safe work culture.
Regular Audits and Program Updates
Just establishing a LOTO program is not enough. To ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of the Lockout Tagout, it is imperative to identify gaps in the LOTO process. Regular inspections and audits help workers update any outdated procedures, inspect LOTO devices for wear & tear, and reinforce current safety standards to maintain a safe working environment.
Key Elements of a Successful LOTO Program:
Developing a Clear LOTO Policy
As discussed above, a well-written LOTO policy is the foundation of an effective safety program. An employer’s duty is to provide well-documented procedures and define the roles and responsibilities of each involved employee. When employers empower the worker with safety instructions and equipment, it becomes the employee’s responsibility for his own safety and his peers.
Customising Procedures for Each Machine
When performing LOTO procedures, it is essential to identify and detail all the specific safety requirements of the machine and energy type. Customised procedures, clear labelling and verification procedures ensure a successful LOTO process.
Ensuring Consistent Communication
Clear and consistent communication is pivotal to safeguarding all employees from hazardous energy releases, not just those authorised to perform lockout/tagout procedures. It’s essential that all stakeholders, including operators, inspectors, and management, are fully informed about ongoing maintenance activities. By maintaining open lines of communication, organisations can build trust and enhance safety awareness, significantly reducing the risk of accidents. This approach ensures that every team member understands their role and the current status of equipment, promoting a collaborative and informed work environment.
Measuring the Impact of LOTO in Reducing Workplace Accidents
Implementing a structured approach to measure the effectiveness of the Lockout Tagout program can significantly reinforce its value as a critical safety protocol. Merely establishing LOTO protocols is not enough to achieve a ‘0’ incident workplace. It is incumbent upon management to actively monitor and measure specific, quantifiable metrics to validate the success rate of LOTO initiatives.
Tracking and documenting the frequency of workplace accidents, near-miss incidents, adherence to training protocols, and compliance rates are crucial. These metrics not only provide a clear picture of the program’s effectiveness but also help in pinpointing areas that need improvement. By analysing these data points, organisations can continually refine and enhance their lockout tagout strategies.
Conclusion
In conclusion, a robust lockout tagout program is essential for preventing workplace accidents and ensuring that all hazardous energies are adequately controlled. The foundation of a successful LOTO program lies in meticulously documented procedures, utilisation of high-quality LOTO devices, thorough training, and regular inspections and updates.
